Arizona CTE Software and App Design
101 Standards
1.1
Establish objectives and outcomes for a task
1.2
Explain the process of decomposing a large programming problem into smaller, more manageable procedures
1.3
Explain “visualizing” as a problem-solving technique prior to writing code
1.4
Describe problem-solving and troubleshooting strategies applicable to software development
2.1
Identify common computer threats (e.g., viruses, phishing, suspicious email, social engineering, spoofing, identity theft, and spamming)
2.2
Describe potential vulnerabilities in software (e.g., OWASP’s Top 10)
2.3
Identify procedures to maintain data integrity and security (e.g., lock the screen, delete unrecognized emails, use trustworthy thumb drives, and use approved software)
2.4
Explain best practices to maintain integrity and security in software development (e.g., encryption, hashing, and digital signatures)
2.5
Describe methods for sanitizing user input to prevent issues (e.g., buffer overflows and SQL injection)
2.6
Explain the CIA (confidentiality, integrity, and availability) triad
2.7
Explain how software defects relate to software security (e.g., buffer overflows and cross-site scripting)
3.1
Explore intellectual property rights including software licensing and software duplication [e.g., Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), software licensing, and software duplication]
3.2
Compare and contrast open source and proprietary systems in relation to legal and ethical issues (e.g., data pricing, use of public and private networks, social networking, industry-related data, and data piracy)
3.3
Identify issues and regulations affecting computers, other devices, the internet, and information privacy (e.g., HIPAA, COPPA, CISPA, FERPA, PCI, GDPR, and data brokers)
4.1
Declare numeric, Boolean, character, string variables, and float and double
4.2
Choose the appropriate data type for a given situation
4.3
Identify the correct syntax and usage for constants and variables in a program
4.4
Identify the correct syntax and safe functions for operations on strings, including length, substring, and concatenation
4.5
Explain complications of storing and manipulating data (i.e., the Big-O notation for analyzing storage and efficiency concerns, etc.)
4.6
Research industry relevant programming languages (i.e., Java, JavaScript, Python, etc.)
5.1
Apply basic mathematics to hardware (e.g., bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes)
5.2
Use binary to decimal, decimal to hexadecimal, hexadecimal to decimal, binary to hexadecimal, and binary to hexadecimal conversions to solve hardware and software problems
5.3
Identify and correctly use arithmetic operations applying the order of operations (precedence) with respect to programming
5.4
Interpret and construct mathematical formulas
5.5
Identify correct and problematic uses of integers, floating-point numbers, and fixed-point numbers in arithmetic
6.1
Use the correct syntax for decision statements (e.g., if/else, if, and switch case)
6.2
Compare values using relational operators (e.g., =, >, <, >=, <=, and not equal)
6.3
Evaluate Boolean expressions (e.g., AND, OR, NOT, NOR, and XOR)
6.4
Use the correct nesting for decision structures
7.1
Identify various types of iteration structure (e.g., while, for, for-each, and recursion)
7.2
Identify how loops are controlled (variable conditions and exits)
7.3
Use the correct syntax for nested loops
7.4
Compute the values of variables involved with nested loops
8.1
Demonstrate basic uses of arrays including initialization, storage, and retrieval of values
8.2
Distinguish between arrays and hash maps (associative arrays)
8.3
Identify techniques for declaring, initializing, and modifying user-defined data types
8.4
Search and sort data in an array
8.5
Create and use two-dimensional arrays
8.6
Describe the efficiency of different sorting algorithms (e.g., bubble, insertion, and merge)
8.7
Describe the efficiency of linear vs. binary searches [e.g., O(n) and O(log n)]
9.1
Explain cloud-based computing and content delivery networks
9.2
Identify the components and functions of the internet (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, IP addresses, and IMAP)
9.3
Identify services run by web servers [e.g., scripting languages (client- and server-side scripting), databases, and media]
9.4
Identify performance issues (e.g., bandwidth, internet connection types, pages loading slowly, resolution, and size graphics)
9.5
Differentiate among shared hosting, dedicated server, and virtual private server (VPS)
9.6
Identify Internet of Things (IOT) and common communication interfaces (e.g., Bluetooth, NFC, Wi-Fi, and LTE)
10.1
Identify key components and functions of internet and web specialty browsers
10.2
Use client collaboration sources/platforms (e.g., GitHub, Google Drive, Dropbox, JSFiddle, and browser developer tools)
10.3
Analyze remote computing tools and services and their application
11.1
Implement the steps in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (e.g., planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance)
11.2
Develop program requirements/specifications and a testing plan (e.g., user stories, automated testing, and test procedures)
11.3
Apply pseudocode or graphical representations to plan the structure of a program or module (e.g., flowcharting, whiteboarding, and UML)
11.4
Create and implement basic algorithms
12.1
Use a program editor to enter and modify code
12.2
Identify correct input/output statements
12.3
Choose the correct method of assigning input to variables including data sanitization
12.4
Choose the correct method of outputting data with formatting and escaping
12.5
Differentiate between interpreted and compiled code (e.g., steps necessary to run executable code)
12.6
Identify the purpose of a build system (e.g., make, rake, ant, maven, SCons, and grunt)
12.7
Apply industry standards in documentation (e.g., self-documenting code; function-level, program-level, and user-level documentation)
12.8
Name identifiers and formatting code by applying recognized conventions
12.9
Demonstrate refactoring techniques to reduce repetitious code and improve maintainability
12.10.
Demonstrate the use of parameters to pass data into program modules
12.11
Demonstrate the use of return values from modules
13.1
Identify errors in program modules
13.2
Identify boundary cases and generate appropriate test data
13.3
Perform integration testing including tests within a program to protect execution from bad input or other run-time errors
13.4
Categorize, identify, and correct errors in code, including syntax, semantic, logic, and runtime
13.5
Perform different methods of debugging (e.g., hand-trace code and real time debugging tools)
14.1
Use standard library functions
14.2
Find and use third party libraries (e.g., web-based and package managers)
14.3
Explain and interact with an Application Program Interface (API)
15.1
Identify the purpose of version control systems (e.g., Git and Mercurial)
15.2
Create a new repository
15.3
Add, push, and pull source code from repository
15.4
Explain branching and its uses
15.5
Restore previous versions of code from the repository
16.1
Apply W3C standards and style conventions
16.2
Construct web pages and applications that are compliant with ADA and sections 504 and 508 standards
16.3
Explain the concept of responsive design and applications
16.4
Employ graphics methods to create images at specified locations
16.5
Choose correct GUI objects for input and output of data to the GUI interface (e.g., text boxes, labels, radio buttons, check boxes, dropdowns, and list boxes)
17.1
Input/output data from a sequential file or database
17.2
Demonstrate creating, reading, updating, and dropping a database
17.3
Demonstrate the proper use of SQL database applications that work with different languages (e.g., MongoDB, Microsoft Access, Oracle Databases, and Code.org’s App Lab)
18.1
Make a distinction between an object and a class
18.2
Differentiate among inheritance, composition, and class relationships
18.3
Instantiate objects from existing classes
18.4
Read the state of an object by invoking accessor methods
18.5
Change the state of an object by invoking a modifier method
18.6
Determine the requirements for constructing new objects by reading the documentation
18.7
Create a user-defined class
18.8
Create a subclass of an existing class
18.9
Identify the use of an abstract class as opposed to an interface
18.10.
Explain the object-oriented concepts of polymorphism, inheritance, and encapsulation
19.1
Identify runtime errors
19.2
Describe error handling strategies
19.3
Handle unexpected return values
19.4
Handle (catch) runtime errors and take appropriate action
19.5
Throw standard exception classes
19.6
Develop and throw custom exception classes