I.1.A

Understands computing as a way of expressing creativity, solving problems, enabling communication, and fostering innovation in a variety of fields and careers

2

I.1.B

Knows the obstacles to equal access to computing among different groups and the impact of those obstacles

3

I.1.C

Understands beneficial and harmful effects of computing innovations and the trade-offs between them

4

I.2.A

Knows different methods of protecting intellectual property rights and the tradeoffs between them in a variety of contexts (e.g., Creative Commons, open source, copyright)

5

I.2.B

Understands ethical and unethical computing practices and their social, economic, and cultural implications

6

I.2.C

Knows privacy and security issues regarding the acquisition, use, and disclosure of information in a digital world

7

II.1.A

Understands abstraction as a foundation of computer science

8

II.1.B

Knows how to use pattern recognition, problem decomposition, and abstraction to develop an algorithm

9

II.1.C

Understands number base conversion and binary, decimal, and hexadecimal number systems

10

II.1.D

Understands how to develop and analyze algorithms expressed in multiple formats (e.g., natural language, flowcharts, pseudocode)

11

II.2.A

Is familiar with the limitations of computing in terms of time, space, and solvability as well as with the use of heuristic solutions that can address these limitations

12

II.2.B

Understands searching and sorting algorithms; can analyze sorting algorithms for correctness and can analyze searching algorithms for correctness and efficiency

13

II.2.C

Understands simple recursive algorithms (e.g., n factorial, sum of first n integers)

14

II.2.D

Is familiar with the use of randomization in computing

15

III.1.A

Understands how to write and modify computer programs in a text-based programming language

16

III.1.B

Understands how to analyze computer programs in terms of correctness

17

III.1.C

Knows the concepts of extensibility, modifiability, and reusability

18

III.1.D

Understands the three basic constructs used in programming: sequence, selection, and iteration

19

III.1.E

Understands how to use standard operators (i.e., assignment, arithmetic, relational, logical) and operator precedence to write programs

20

III.1.F

Understands how to use variables and a variety of data types

21

III.2.A

Understands how to write and call procedures with parameters and return values

22

III.2.B

Knows the concepts of event-driven programs that respond to external events (e.g., sensors, messages, clicks)

23

III.2.C

Is familiar with usability and user experience (e.g., ease of use and accessibility)

24

III.2.D

Is familiar with dictionaries/maps, stacks, and queues

25

III.2.E

Understands how to use debugging techniques and appropriate test cases

26

III.2.F

Is familiar with characteristics of well-documented computer programs that are usable, readable, and modular

27

III.2.G

Is familiar with techniques to obtain and use feedback to produce high-quality code (e.g., code reviews, peer feedback, end user feedback)

28

III.2.H

Knows how to use libraries and APIs

29

III.2.I

Understands programming techniques to validate correct input and detect incorrect input

30

III.2.J

Is familiar with the features and capabilities of integrated development environments (IDEs)

31

III.2.K

Is familiar with the differences between low- and high-level programming languages

32

III.2.L

Is familiar with different programming paradigms

33

III.2.M

Knows object-oriented programming concepts

34

III.2.N

Is familiar with program compilation and program interpretation

35

IV.1.A

Understands bits as the universal medium for expressing digital information

36

IV.1.B

Is familiar with concepts of data encryption and decryption

37

IV.1.C

Knows how to use computational tools, including spreadsheets, to analyze data in order to discover, explain, and visualize patterns, connections, and trends

38

IV.2.A

Is familiar with the use of computing in simulation and modeling

39

IV.2.B

Is familiar with methods to store, manage, and manipulate data

40

IV.2.C

Is familiar with a variety of computational methods for data collection, aggregation, and generation

41

V.1.A

Knows that operating systems are programs that control and coordinate interactions between hardware and software components

42

V.1.B

Is familiar with computing systems embedded in everyday objects (e.g., Internet of Things [IoT], ATMs, medical devices)

43

V.1.C

Knows the capabilities, features, and uses of different types of computing systems (e.g., desktop, mobile, cluster)

44

V.1.D

Is familiar with computers as layers of abstraction from hardware (e.g., logic gates, chips) to software (e.g., system software, applications)

45

V.1.E

Is familiar with the steps required to execute a computer program (fetch-decodeexecute cycles)

46

V.1.F

Is familiar with trade-offs between local, network, and cloud computing and storage

47

V.1.G

Is familiar with communication between devices

48

V.2.A

Knows components of networks

49

V.2.B

Is familiar with factors that have an impact on network functionality

50

V.2.C

Is familiar with how Internet and Web protocols work

51

V.2.D

Is familiar with digital and physical strategies for maintaining security

52

V.2.E

Is familiar with concepts of cybersecurity

53

V.2.F

Is familiar with the components that make up the Web (e.g., HTTP, HTML, browsers, servers, clients)

Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators